Probability theory forms the mathematical backbone for quantifying uncertainty and random events, providing a rigorous language with which to describe both everyday phenomena and complex scientific ...

Over the last four hundred years, mathematicians have developed a well-defined formal theory of probability. In spite of the fact that most financial economists are trained in probability theory, the ...

To many, the concept of probability feels intuitive. We're used to thinking about the odds of everything from coin flips to election results. Probability has become so integral to everyday life, it's ...

This paper is part of the constructive program, initiated by E. Bishop, of systematic examination of classical mathematics for their computational content. From this constructive standpoint, basic ...

Two retired professors are sharing the mathematics version of the Nobel Prize for their lifelong contributions to the changing nature of math in the computing age. Both Hillel Furstenberg and Gregory ...