The Iron Cross, one of the most widely recognized military decorations, originated during the Napoleonic Wars in 1813 when ...

Discover how Prussia decisively defeated France in the Franco-Prussian War, a short but pivotal conflict that reshaped European power and led to the unification of Germany. This concise breakdown ...

All the Latest Game Footage and Images from Pride of Nations: The Franco-Prussian War 1870 This scenario covers the longest and bloodiest war in Europe during the 19th century. During this time, we ...

IIIF provides researchers rich metadata and media viewing options for comparison of works across cultural heritage collections. Visit the IIIF page to learn more.

TimesMachine is an exclusive benefit for home delivery and digital subscribers. About the Archive This is a digitized version of an article from The Times’s print archive, before the start of online ...