• Require X (hemin) and/or V (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) factors for growth • Responsible for 0.5–1% of all cases of IE • Haemophilus aphrophilus is the most common species responsible for IE ...
Patients who underwent mitral valve replacement had a more than threefold higher 10-year rate of infective endocarditis than those at moderate risk for the disease, whereas undergoing mitral valve ...