In 2023, about 4.4% (176 terawatt-hours) of total energy consumption in the United States was by data centers that are essential for processing large quantities of information. Of that 176 TWh, ...

Businesses should expect to upgrade computer equipment on a regular basis; as companies expand, so do their processing and data needs, and hardware continues to evolve at a breakneck pace.

Researchers in the Netherlands and the United States have constructed simple computer circuits with electrical components many times smaller than those on commercial silicon chips 1, 2. These ...